Narco Corridos the History Behind the Glorified Narcos...

Narcocorridos: Giving Mexican-American Youth a Sense of Cultural Identity in the US Victor Guzman Psych 141-1979 Con cuernos de chivo y basuca en la nuca/ Equipped with guns and bazookas Volando cabezas al que se atraviesa/ Heads fly of those who stand in the way Somos sanguinarios locos bien ondeados /we shed blood, crazy in the head Nos gusta matar / we like to kill Pa dar levantotes somos los mejores /we’re the best ones to get the job done Siempre en caravana toda mi plebada /always on caravans with all my people Bien empecherados blindados / bullet-proof vested Y listos para ejecutar/ and ready to execute Despite Mexico’s†¦show more content†¦to test their fate, another quickly emerging option was to join the underground drug trafficking market. The changing climate in the drug trafficking world did not go without having any effect on the corridos, of course. As history evolved, so did the style of the corrido. The corrido was incorporated into different genres of regional music, particularly of the Northern part of Mexico, known as musica nortena. These songs ranged from love ballads to songs that make political statements and even stories about what Wald calls â€Å"smuggle stories† (Wald 3). Many were written about legendary figures like Pancho Villa (Quinones 27). The norteno group Los Tigres Del Norte is given the credit for officially taking corridos to the next level- that of narcocorridos and giving the grounds for which the narcocorrido takes off. They sing about the rise of drug traffic in the US-Mexico borderlands as well as about the injustices that Mexicans and Mexican-Americans have faced and continue to face in El Norte, a very popular nickname for the United States. Los Tigres del Norte (who originate from the United States) never fail to make a political statement, shedding light on controversial issues such as the rising power of the drug cartels in Mexico, which results because they present an alternative to poverty that Mexicans face every day. The following are two stanzas from a corrido by Los Tigres del Norte: A mà ­ me gustan los corridos / I like listening toShow MoreRelatedMexico: Narco Corridos Essay examples977 Words   |  4 PagesMexico’s drugs wars as well as bloody drug cartels are echoed in a controversial folk music genre commonly known as narco corridos or simply as drug ballads. They tell the stories allied to shootouts, drug lords, betrayals including daring criminal operations. Narco corridos are not a new style in Mexican music, in fact, they have been around for years, and they are popular among the old and the young. This genre has evolved to be modern fugitive music that fuses the emotional responses of antique

Essay about The Impact of Deforestation - 668 Words

Deforestation is a serious issue in today’s world. What once was a green Earth is now becoming a desolate land mold that is losing one of its main attributes: forests. Similar to Rachel Carson’s perception, the Earth was once full of lavish forests and is slowly deteriorating into empty, unappealing land. Centuries ago, Earth was covered in forests. â€Å"†¦The whole country, full of woods and thickets...† (Bradford) was the average for settlers in the 1800s. They had grown accustomed to the full lush trees. Even in the 1900s there were the â€Å"†¦same beautiful trees†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Fuller) and nature was a sight to see as people relished â€Å"passing through one of the fine, park-like woods, almost clear from underbrush and carpeted with thick grasses and†¦show more content†¦One issue deforestation causes is a change of habitat for animals. Animals are forced out of their habitations when the forests are cut down. This causes the animals to have to go find a new home. However, â€Å"when these areas are destroyed, the species become extinct† (eHow). The animals are forced to attempt to relocate themselves, but sometimes, this causes issues as they are not adapted to all areas. This results in the sped up extinction of species. When a species becomes extinct, this poses another issue. â€Å"Scientists lose the opportunity to learn more about these species†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (eHow) which prevents scientists from being able to understand the possible medicines they could help create or cures they could create for not only other animals but humans too. Deforestation also causes starvation of animals. â€Å"They are forced to leave what once was their home to search for food†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (eHow). But this sometimes does not work as the animals are not adapted to the world outside their forest homes, resulting in the conclusion that â€Å"†¦ many starve to death† (eHow). Some animals have a tough time hun ting for the food as it becomes inaccessible. This causes a ripple in the food chain. As species die off, this provides less sustenance for their consumers, which in turn kills them off, creating a cycle of animals dying off due to absence of food. Animals also see the forests as their home. Nearly 70% of the world’s species live in forests. Cutting down all theShow MoreRelatedImpact of Deforestation on the Earth Essay1375 Words   |  6 PagesDeforestation is the elimination of existing trees from the earth; attributable factors include urbanization, logging, ranching, and farming and to some extent land speculation. Land speculation can be included as cleared land is more valuable than forested land. Deforestation, done in the name of progress, and the long-term, devastating effects of it, is killing our planet. To understand the effects of deforestation one must understand the reasoning behind the decision to clear forestlands. OnlyRead MoreEssay on The Impacts of Deforestation in the Tropical Rainforest1038 Words   |  5 PagesThe Impacts of Deforestation in the Tropical Rainforest Deforestation is having an effect on all tropical rainforests. This is not just negative effects but also some very positive effects from the deforestation of the rainforests. From deforestation there are many problems that can be caused by this, environmental, social, economic and political issues all from the destruction of the rainforests across the world. There has been dramatic deforestation across the worldRead More The Environmental Impact of Wetland Destruction and Deforestation2959 Words   |  12 PagesThe Environmental Impact of Wetland Destruction and Deforestation Thesis: The forests and wetlands of the world are being destroyed at unacceptable rates. This destruction is causing many adverse effects on the environment, many of which will not be felt by the global population until they are irreversible. Introduction Human life cannot exist in the absence of complicated interactions of millions of species in biological systems. Yet as humans, we live during a period of the greatestRead MoreImpact Of Deforestation On The Amazon Rainforest Of Brazil, South America, Impact The Environment?1493 Words   |  6 PagesEvaluation Research Summary The question researched was â€Å"How does deforestation in the Amazon Rainforest in Brazil, South America, impact the environment?† The topic of deforestation in the Amazon was chosen as there is much concern about the problem and for the future of the Earth. There were different research processes used to discover new information about the problems in the Amazon rainforest such as, an interview with a person who currently lives in Brazil, annotating books, journals, internetRead MoreDeforestation Is A World Without Trees?1486 Words   |  6 PagesCould you imagine a world without trees? Deforestation is one of the leading causes of environmental catastrophes, loss of biodiversity, climate change and soil erosion. â€Å"Over half of the world’s rainforests have been destroyed in the last 10,000 years or so,† according to the World Wild Life Fund (WWF). The majority of this loss has happened in the last 50 years, occurring simultaneously with a massive increase in the human population. Deforestation is hurting our earth, and therefore, we must demandRead MoreDeforestation Is A Big Environmental Issue1092 Words   |  5 PagesNowadays, deforestation becomes a big environmental issue around the world since forests play critical roles in many aspects for the life of all the living things. (World Wildlife Fund) There are many factors that will result in deforestation such as â€Å"fires, clear-cutting for agriculture, ranching and development, unsustainable logging for timber, and degradation due to climate change† (World Wildlife Fund). Human activities would be the main cause of deforestation. (Ronca, 2008, p.1) World WildlifeRead MoreDeforestation Effects On Amazon Forest Resilience1725 Words   |  7 Pagesdemand more, more space will be needed and cutting away the trees for humans to use. Deforestation is the act of cutting and clearing a large area of trees. It is the cause of extreme damage to the ecosystem and sustainability o f life. Deforestation is negatively affecting the interaction between the water cycle, soil sustainability, and trees stability. There is a chain reaction due to deforestation. Deforestation leads to decrease in biotic pump disrupting the water cycle leading to a decrease inRead MoreArticle Review On Deforestation And Deforestation999 Words   |  4 Pagesstate.gov/habitat-loss. The article focuses on the habitat loss due to deforestation. The author talks about the different purpose of deforestation such as agriculture, forestry, or water projects that endangers the species that live in the area. The article is based on information taken from World Wildlife Fund, IUCN, and Red List. The information that the author provides is important and useful to the topic of deforestation. Overall, the article is well written and well researched. MainstreamRead MoreHow Does Commercial Logging Impact Our Environment?1701 Words   |  7 Pages How does commercial logging impact our environment? Cody McDuffie 9/11/14 Environmental science How has commercial logging impacted out environment? Has it been negative, positive or stayed in the middle? Most lay people have purchased into the concept that reducing down plants in the US should be ceased. They think that plants are being greatly over-cut and we will not have any air remaining to take in, all the creatures will die, and large break down problems will adhere toRead MoreDeforestation And Environment1402 Words   |  6 Pages Deforestation is an increasing global crisis and is mainly caused by human actions. Forests cover approximately 31% of the area on the planet (Deforestation, n.d.). Deforestation is the destruction of a wide area of forest land into a cleared land that is used for a variety of reasons. The impact on the environment from cutting down, burning and damaging forests is very detrimental and there are severe consequences for the environment and future generations due to deforestation. According to the

For this discussion I asked my kids to help me, since my topic for the Final project is about kids in gangs Free Essays

My children’s concerns about kids in gangs is, that they are to young, they think it is cool, the violence- robbery, killing, raping and shooting other kids or adults. What they think has caused this problem is the kids get asked to join, they think it is cool, they think it is going to help them make friends and that their family members will respect them more, and that the kids are getting abused at home. I asked them how is this problem affecting y’all and they told me, that they see the gang kids beating up other kids, stealing from them, both of my kids said that they are afraid that it will go too far and they could be victims in a shooting at school, and that they will get approached and asked to join a gang. We will write a custom essay sample on For this discussion I asked my kids to help me, since my topic for the Final project is about kids in gangs or any similar topic only for you Order Now I took the questioning to another level and asked them, What do you think about kids in gangs and What is your views on gangs and the crimes they commit? My 14 year old son answered me with that they are trying to act like they are something, when actually they are not. They are no different than any other person trying to get an education or job like the rest of us. He said that gangs are not safe, that they commit robberies, murder, and that they tag everything with their gang signs and makes everything ugly with it. I asked my 12 year old daughter the same questions and she responded with, they think it is cool; other friends are in a gang, that the kids that are in a gang could be getting abused at home. She also said that if they wanted to be in a group that they should join events at school like sports or another group that is sponsored through the school. When I asked her about her views are on gangs and the crimes that they commit, she came back with, they rob and murder people, they beat up other kids, women, and the elderly to get what they want, and that they graffiti their gang signs on everything. She said she is sick of seeing the gang signs on everything in our town. She also amazed me and took it to another level with respect and hurt from family members. She said that the kids that are in a gang are hurting their family members, friends and their selves. Also that their family members will no longer trust or respect them because of what they are doing or what they have done in the past. Also that when a kid joins a gang that it is hard for them to get out of the gang and that being in a gang could or will mess up their future or their lives. It amazed me that she knows more about gangs than my 14 year old son does. Some of my ideas to address these issues with my kids would be: talk to them about the violence, the abuse that could be happening to these kids that are in the gangs, the murdering, the graffiti, just about gang life in general. I can also take my kids to our local enforcement office and let them talk to the detectives that I work with and let them ask questions about it and how they can or should look for. Being open and honest with my kids about this topic of gangs is the best way to address this problem. My kids will benefit from listening to what I have to say about gangs because they know that I have worked and work with our local detectives about this situation and that I know more about this than they do. I can honestly say that I don’t have to worry about my kids and gangs because they are too involved with school and sports and they despise all gang activity. How to cite For this discussion I asked my kids to help me, since my topic for the Final project is about kids in gangs, Papers

Adopting Virtual and Augmented Reality †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Adopting Virtual and Augmented Reality. Answer: Introduction: Fashion brands know that it is imperative for them to experiment with technology whether for the purposes of enhancing the customer retail experience or introduce fans and customers to the VR concept (Alvarez, 2017). High luxury and fashion brands are increasingly using VR and AR to advertise their products and to get new customers. The VR and AR platforms offer immersive and titillating experiences that help users create dreams, only these dreams are near real. Because of this immersive and titillating experience, VR and AR, in isolation or used together offer the fashion industry limitless new possibilities as they can be used in several creative ways. VR can be used in making people participate in cat walking/ runway shows where anyone can join in, from the premium front seat row, thanks to VR. VR can be used to capture experiences showcasing product/ brand values and identity, in which case VR and AR can be used (and has been used) for advertising purposes ('VR Marketing' 2017). Custom made VR devices such as headsets for specific brands, such as Tommy Hilfiger and Dior have been developed to engage visitors to their stores where they can review and see whats on offer; combining this with AR would create a stunning almost real experience of customers wearing and feeling the clothes, without even touching them. Presently, fashion outlets are using body scanning technologies such as Kinect which scan the persons image and using the magic mirrors, allow the person to try out different fashion items virtually; the customers can change what they are trying by a simple hand swipe. These magic mirrors can be located outside the store such that people can try clothes virtually without entering the store; call it the new window trying ('VR Marketing' 2017). Even companies for which technology has never played a major role in their business strategies such as GAP are looking for creative ways such as VR and AR to engage more with their customers and fans. For instance, the company has developed its Dressing Room application, in collaboration with Google and Avametric in which AR is utilized to allow shoppers and fans try on fashion items without the need to step into the store(Alvarez 2017). Alignment of business model and value proposition This customer segment are the modern day young adults (millennials) that have grown up with technology and value convenience and choice very highly. This is the segment that use technology, from smart phones, e-wallet and electronic payment systems to tablets such as the iPad on a daily or regular basis (Frederick 2014). The other segment may also include the millennials but generally are internet and social media users; these are people that seek information about a product or brand, or make decisions based on other peoples experiences. Such people regularly use or follow blogs, as well as use social media platforms heavily; they can both be customers and influencer's ('University of South California' 2017) The social media generation is also an important customer segment; these people want to be the first to try out new things and then show off to their friends. For instance, it is not uncommon for such customers to go to a trendy fashion store, try on clothes, take pictures and post on social media such as Instagram asking their friends for comments. They are also members of online communities such that if Forte fashions used social media to advertise and allow online fashion trials through VR and AR; this could be a huge customer base Passersby and window shoppers, people that want to see lots of different fashion before deciding to make a purchase; these customers don't really want to step into the store, but can have an immersive experience trying out fashion through AR while outside the store. Online shoppers; with VR and AR, online shoppers can actually try fashion items, select what they like and pay for it and have the items delivered to their homes, just using the internet (Peterson, Grne, Kammer Kirscheneder, 2010) Representative customer journey This starts with a potential customer that is using social media platform, such as Facebook or a blogging platform and who was interested in buying some fashion items. The individual comes across Forte fashions online advert/ social media promotion that invites individuals to experience a new high in fashion shopping through VR and AR and lists their physical store location. The person becomes intrigued and reads input from others, including those that have tried it. This is the discovery phase in the journey; the person decides to find out more, and even tries the online portal through VR or just sees the videos ('Customer Champions', 2017). The advert then offers the customer an opportunity to download the Forte fashions application for free and install it in their mobile device and invites them to visit the physical store. The person plays around with the application and decides to visit the store on their next free day/ time. This is the research phase. At the store, the person sees the magic mirror connected to a body scanner, where a prompt shows them what to do, ad voil!; they see themselves on the screen, trying several pieces of fashion just by swapping their hands. They then become curious and get into the store, and use their mobile device and application they downloaded to try out even more fashion pieces. This is the moment of truth; they experience is just mind boggling, like a real and vivid dream and through personal contact through the virtual platform, the customer decides to make a purchase, and records the video of the experience, for later uploading to their social media account. An attendant then comes to give the customer advice on various issues, such as payment, delivery, among others; and the person becomes a customer. They then head into their social media accounts and continue spreading the AR/ VR gospel of Forte fashion, increasing Forte Fashions brand presence and attracting more customers. The journey is d epicted below; Conclusions Forte Fashions proposes to use modern technologies of AR and VR in its fashion stores; the company is targeting the tech savvy shopper that regularly uses mobile devices, uses social media or is a member of an online community, love technology and new experiences, and would love to have a new shopping experience. trying out clothes in a virtual environment. The value proposition is to enable customers quickly try out fashion pieces in an immersive and titillating virtual environment that is likely to keep customers coming for more. Forte Fashions should go ahead and implement the model, given that the mainstream fashion industry has greatly taken to VR and AR, including conservative brands like GAP (Pennington 2016). A combination of social media marketing and brand presence, online communities, and an unforgettable user experience using VR and AR will ensure success of the business in the short, medium, and long term. Forte Fashions should consider using magic mirrors and body scann ers, in addition to mobile devices and its own application to give customers inside and outside the store an immersive experience. These should be propped with VR headsets at the stores. References Alvarez, E. (2017). Gap envisions a future with augmented-reality 'dressing rooms'. [online] Engadget. Available at: https://www.engadget.com/2017/01/30/gap-augmented-reality-dressing-rooms/ [Accessed 31 Aug. 2017]. Bacon, J. (2016). Trends for 2017: AR and VR, agency relationships diversity. [online] Marketing Week. Available at: https://www.marketingweek.com/2016/12/14/trends-2017-ar-vr-agency-relationships-diversity/ [Accessed 31 Aug. 2017]. 'Customer Champions' (2017). Customer Journey Mapping (CJM) -. [online] Customerchampions.co.uk. Available at: https://www.customerchampions.co.uk/customer-journey-mapping-cjm/ [Accessed 31 Aug. 2017]. Frederick, J. (2014). Current Trends Among Millennials and Online Shopping - eCommerce. [online] PFS Blog. Available at: https://www.pfsweb.com/blog/current-trends-among-millennials-and-online-shopping/ [Accessed 31 Aug. 2017]. Osterwalder, A., Pigneur, Y. (2013). Business Model Generation A Handbook for Visionaries, Game Changers, and Challengers. New York, NY, John Wiley Sons. https://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:101:1-2014122414260. Pennington, A. (2016). The customer experience book: how to design, measure and improve customer experience in your business. Harlow, England ; New York : Pearson Education Peterson, M., Grne, F., Kammer, K., Kirscheneder, J. (2010). Multi-channel customer management: Delighting consumers, driving efficiency. Journal of Direct, Data and Digital Marketing Practice. 12, 10-15. Ram, S. (2017). Meeting millennials where they shop: Shaping the future of shopping malls. [online] McKinsey Company. Available at: https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/capital-projects-and-infrastructure/our-insights/meeting-millennials-where-they-shop-shaping-the-future-of-shopping-malls [Accessed 31 Aug. 2017]. 'University of South California' (2017). The Psychology of Successful Marketing to Millennials | USC Applied Psychology Degree. [online] Appliedpsychologydegree.usc.edu. Available at: https://appliedpsychologydegree.usc.edu/resources/infographics/psychology-of-successfully-marketing-to-millennials/ [Accessed 31 Aug. 2017]. 'VR Marketing' (2017). How fashion and luxury brands are adopting virtual and augmented reality - The VR Marketing DB. [online] The VR Marketing DB. Available at: https://vrmarketingdb.com/2017/01/26/fashion-luxury-brands-adopting-virtual-augmented-reality/ [Accessed 31 Aug. 2017].

Untouched by Economic Slump free essay sample

The Assocham study states that the Indian deodorant and roll-on market is currently poised at about Rs 1,800 crore and is growing at about 55 percent annually. While, the perfume market is growing at about 30 percent and is currently poised at about Rs 1,500 crore, the roll on markets current size is a meager Rs 400 crore as only a handful of brands are operating in this domain. Fragrance industry in India is still at nascent stage but its rising demand is largely driven by growing awareness and preferences amid strong Indian middle-class with high disposable incomes as they do not shy away from splurging on lifestyle products to look and feel good, says Rawat. He further adds that with grooming and personal hygiene fast becoming a part of peoples accessory wardrobes, demand for fragrances is likely to escalate significantly. Rising demand for fragrances from tier II and III cities is the real growth driver of this industry as a result companies are gradually shifting their focus from metros and exploring other markets and gearing to launch a range of affordable deodorants, perfumes and colognes during summers, says Rawat. We will write a custom essay sample on Untouched by Economic Slump or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For instance, Roadies a deodorant by Karol Chemicals is doing quite well. Rajeev Kumar, marketing manager of Karol Chemicals says, A 100 ml bottle of this deodorant costs about Rs 200. The profit margin is between 25 to 30 percent, says Kumar, who has been with Karol Chemicals for the last 20 years. PRICE WARS With an increase in demand, the competition is getting tough. Saurabh Gupta, owner of Vanessa Incorporation that manufactures Vanessa deodorants for women says: In this industry a lot of players have left the market and hence, made space for new players. Due to competition, manufacturers have to bring down their retail price. These days, if a deodorant was first being sold for Rs 200, it is now being sold for Rs 195. It is a case of price war. Based out of Pusa Road the company blends their own compounds to create fragrances.

Henry of Navarre; Henry IV of France essays

Henry of Navarre; Henry IV of France essays In writing Henry of Navarre; Henry IV of France the author, Lord Russell of Liverpool endeavored not only to chronicle Henrys life but to also provide a glimpse into his character. Lord Russell would speculate as to Henrys motives behind his actions, often times backing up these speculations with Henrys own words either from letters he himself had written or from the memoirs of others close to the king. Due to this intimate look into the life and at times thoughts of the king the reader gains empathy for the monarch much as he people must have had. At the time that Henry of Navarre ascended the throne of France the country was ripe for a change. The last three kings of the Valois Dynasty, Francis II, Charles IX, and Henry III were the feeblest that ever sat on the throne of France (14). Their mother, Catherine de Medici who was referred to as La Serpente in essence ruled the country. The country was nearing bankruptcy due to her spending and the Wars of Religion, which had wrought the country since the time of Francis I (1515-1547). Henrys first order of business upon becoming king was to reunite the nation and put an end to the Wars of Religion. To do this he first had to gain access to Paris, which was then controlled by the Catholic league. For nearly five years he fought many battles against the League, reclaiming towns under their control and gaining many supporters, protestant and Catholic alike. In 1593 Henry abjures the protestant faith and in 1594 reenters Paris supposedly having said, Paris is worth a Mass. However, this was not the end of his struggle to end the wars of Religion even though the League was definitely declining in power. Henry signed the Edict of Nantes in 1598 the charter of the rights and privileges of the French Protestants. (135) which would remain in effect until it was revoked in 1685 by Louis XIV. Although this di...

Business Questions Assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business Questions Assessment - Essay Example The market value of an individual’s work determines ones income which dictates the consumption levels. In this system government role is limited and is based on individual innovation and the idea that hard work is rewarded. The businesses will thus exist to make profit and competition is the key element. The entrepreneur takes a great risk with his capital since he requires a full and free availability of information on the buyers and sellers which is not always readily available. However, they have the power to choose on how they want to spend their incomes. In addition to that, the free market economic system leads to the development of monopolies and oligopolies. It influences the production and the distribution of harmful goods and services such as drugs in the economy. It also leads to social income disparities thus widening the gap between the rich and poor. As a result of the major limitations observed in the laissez- fairre system, most countries choose to conduct thei r affairs in a mixed economy. This type of economic system encompasses both the government and privately owned corporates that work together to produce goods for the consumer and solve the economic problems. A mixed economy is considered to be more effective because of the involvement of the government. It is the public sector that will influence the prices of goods to go down through its control measures thus preventing inflation and protecting the consumer. Besides this, the government ensures that income is distributed equally throughout the states. This is achieved through heavy imposition of tax on the rich than on the poor and using such money to construct social amenities throughout the country. The government is also actively involved in the prevention of monopolies by pumping money to support other competing industries as well as obtaining much money from patent owners. Prevention of entry of harmful drugs is also the key role of the government and therefore it ensures that the masses are protected at all costs. The most accepted roles of the government will include the enforcement of property rights, definition of a law system, prohibition of fraud and punishment for prohibited practices (Fernando, 2007, p.297). The state ensures that all goods produced internally are well allocated to generate investments while the private sector is mainly concerned with profit maximization. In a private sector, technology is highly applied and the revenue gained is more than that in the public sector. It may translate to failure to pay taxes or tax evasion or even the engagement in illegal acts. It is therefore the duty of the government to ensure that all taxes are paid and that illegality is exempted. Therefore, most states tend to concentrate on the mixed economy since in such there is a balance between the ownership of resources which translates to a balance in investments. In most and both cases, there is gain to the parties involved and the roles in both corr espond and interact. Question Two Forces of demand and supply determine the price level of goods and services. The intersection of the two marks the equilibrium of both demand and

Art is fun Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Art is fun - Essay Example This shows that art is undergoing a transformation into a multicultural platform where parties involved are sensitive to each other’s cultural issues. The distinctive observation about Donald Morgan’s work of art is that the artifacts he creates and displays around the world are culture sensitive. The artifacts he creates are based on forest imagery, objects that are familiar to individuals from all cultures. Therefore, Donald Morgan’s work is multicultural and serves to bring individuals together from various cultures in appreciating common works of art. The main focus of Donald Morgan’s multimedia presentation is the notion of manifesting diversity. The forest imagery that the presentation depicts ranges from natural to artificial objects and living to non-living objects (University of Oregon, uoregon.edu). This forest diversity represents the cultural diversity that characterizes the peoples of the world. Morgan depicts his art both through paintings an d sculptures. This serves to emphasize the concept of diversity further by utilizing diverse artistic techniques. A distinctive observation concerning Barminski’s multimedia presentation is that he employs diverse artistic techniques, which put across his message concerning gun culture. He uses sculptures as well as photos and drawings. Therefore, his artwork portrays diversity (Barminski, Barminski.com). Both Morgan’s multimedia presentation and Coco’s performances make me feel that different people are becoming more tolerant of each other’s differences than ever before. I feel there is a realization among people all over the world that their different cultures, beliefs, and lifestyles are not significant enough to compromise their relations with each other. For example, Coco writes that a white visitor to the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago was shocked to see Coco and Guillermo put in a cage like animals. Thinking they were not performing but were real aborigines, he was astonished to see people put in a cage for display to the public (Gablik, 313). This occurrence serves as a testament to the fact that western attitudes regarding cultural equality have changed significantly since several years ago, when western people used to believe their culture is superior to the rest of the world’s cultures. The performances of Coco and Guillermo had a significant impact in furthering the cause of artists of color of achieving greater representation in the world of art. However, some of the methods the two performers used to achieve their aims were unorthodox. In particular, the instant whereby the two performers mislead city officials in Spain to believe that their performance was just street entertainment in order to receive their permission was quite irresponsible of them (Gablik, 326). Their decision to downplay the political aspect of their performance almost put the city officials in trouble with their seniors. The two should have conducted all their activities with honesty and integrity. Their lack of integrity undermined the cause for which they were fighting. Donald Morgan’s multimedia presentation displayed a high degree of creativity which I found very impressive. His focus on forest imagery is quite revolutionary

Compare and Contrast the aims, strategies and personalities of Charles Essay

Compare and Contrast the aims, strategies and personalities of Charles Stewart Parnell and Daniel OConnell - Essay Example The greatest and common mission of the two personalities was to agitate for liberation of Ireland that they ended not achieving. The two personalities used various strategies in advancing their views. Some strategies were similar while others were different. Following are similarities and differences in terms of personalities, aims and strategies of the two Irish icons with relations to their political and social life. One of the similarities is that both Charles Parnell and Daniel O’Connell were children of Ireland born in Ireland. Both attained university education and were reliable members of their respective societies in the advancement of the rights and needs of their people. Daniel and Parnell had similar feelings about Ireland and wanted to see their country freed from British anarchy and enabled to practice self-rule. Despite being Catholics, the family of Daniel O’Connell also owned land, as did the Parnell family. Daniel O’Connell entered politics in 1828 as the British Member of Parliament for County of Clare1. This happened after he spent a lot of time in activism, which was contrary to Charles Parnell who entered politics short time after graduation. Same to Charles Parnell, Daniel O’Connell used the poor peasants and farmers to agitate for the advancement of his views. Charles Stewart Parnell was a remarkable Irish nationalist born on 27th June 1846 in the County of Wicklow. Parnell was the third son and seventh offspring of an Anglo-Irish father John Parnell Henry and American mother Delia Stewart Tudor. Charles Stewart Parnell gained higher education from Cambridge University. Historical records also show that Charles Parnell attained most of his education in England. In 1875 after completing his studies, Charles secured election into the parliament where he served as collaborate of the Irish

Ethical Stance for Research on Sustainable Tourism

Ethical Stance for Research on Sustainable Tourism Introduction Dr Jim Macbeth (2005, p.963), a lecturer and researcher in Australia who specialises in tourism research, has put forward the argument that, in the modern world, the stakeholders involved with the tourism industry, primarily the educators, developers and providers, need to find an â€Å"ethical† stance that will create a natural and appropriate platform for studying sustainability in tourism. To assess the validity of this assessment, one has to first consider the way that tourism research has been conducted and evolved in recent decades, together with the approach that has been used by the tourism industry in dealing with and combining the ethical and sustainability issues. From this a discussion on the relevance of ethical issues that are needed to address sustainability can be developed. Tourism Research As Dr Macbeth (2005) observes, historically, tourism research had evolved into a multi-faceted approach, which is based upon the four main threads outlined in the study conducted by Jafa Jafari (1990). In the initial stages, such research concentrated mainly upon the economic aspects of the tourism process. Being directed in this manner, the result of this research tended to emphasise the fiscal benefits that developing tourism would bring to a particular destination and the commercial organisations. However, with the increasing prevalence of the implementation of the economic research and their impact on destinations, researchers began to ask questions about the adverse social and cultural effect tourism was having. These two processes covered the tourism industry through the era of growth in mass-tourism. Alternative Tourism The third stage of tourism industry research development moved to the study of a new tourism phenomenon, alternative tourism, Initially, this was just seen and studied as a different level of tourist consumer, one whose demands and expectations were more than just the for the sun, sea and sand vocation of the mass-market vacation. These are the tourist who want independent and self-fulfilling vacations, ones that provided a unique level of escape. They were seeking the more active vacations, ones that gave the feeling of â€Å"self-autonomy and self-invention† (Cohen and Taylor, 1992, p.25) It was as a result of this movement that the educational institutions, particularly universities, became more interested in treating tourism as a bona-fide study subject. Universities increasingly offered courses aimed specifically at tourism as they took a deeper interest in the subject. Jafa Jafari (1990) was also correct in his prediction that the global educational commitment to tourism has increased at a faster rate from the date of his publication than it did previously. In addition, the educationalists, scholars and researchers have expanded the areas of their research into other and dedicated aspects of the subject. Sustainability In the last two decades two areas of tourism have attracted particular attention in educational and research, these being sustainability and ethics, in that order. Sustainability, which has been a driving focus in business for several decades, was the first area that caught the interest of tourism researchers. Initially it was approached on the basis of how to protect and maintain the attraction of destinations that were experiencing mass tourism growth. However, with the advent of increasing concerns regarding protection of the historical and natural environment, together with the increased interest in the physical damage that man was causing the climate, the scope of research into sustainability in tourism broadened significantly. Studies were conducted into ways in which destinations of historical and cultural interest could be exploited for tourism purposes, and to the economic benefit of the local community, whilst at the same time ensuring that the sites remained intact and did not become damaged or adversely affected by the increasing tourist traffic influx. Sustainability in natural destinations also received a lot of attention. The question of how one managed the dichotomy of conflicting issue that arise between the expectation and perception of the tourist consumer on the one hand, and the sustainability requirements of the destination on the other, were issues that resulted in a number of studies. For example, as Dr Macbeth (2005) has observed in terms of â€Å"wildlife† tourism, one has to decide how far to provide the natural experience of wildlife adventure that the tourists demands, whilst at the same time allowing the wildlife the ability to be sustained in their own environment. The discussion as to whether limited captivity, as is the case of the safari parks of Africa, provided a sustainable answer, namely would it still provide the experience that the tourist consumer required although not strictly a natural experience, was undertaken. One study into this specific subject by Newsome, Hughes and Macbeth (2005) showed t hat captive wildlife, seen in a natural setting, received a positive response from the tourists, fulfilling their expectations, whilst at the same time this environment offered some protection for the animals and their habitat. Similar issues and concerns have arisen regarding the tourist attraction to natural places of outstanding beauty, such as lakes and mountains. Here again, studies have concentrated on the complex issue of how to satisfy the tourism need without allowing that need to destroy the environment being enjoyed. However, problems began to develop when the theories were put into practice. As Fennell (2006, p.1) mentions in his book, a â€Å"negative backlash that has come about regarding the so-called ‘new tourism.’† One of the main reasons for this was that not all of the stakeholders involved in the tourism research were being adequately considered. As Fennell (2006, p.4) explains, there are three significant human sides to this triangle, being the tourist, the organisation that arranges the travel or vacation, and those who reside at or close to the destination. As a result of these mounting concerns, the issue of â€Å"ethics† began to arise. Ethics Ethics are codes that are derived and constructed from the moral value that is attached to an action, and they apply to every aspect of our lives. In other words the fundamental ethos of ethics dictates that the action or behaviour of a person, group or organisation should be appropriate to the issue and be seen to be conforming to the expectations of those affected by that behaviour (Fennell 2006, p.57). Like the word â€Å"sustainability†, the term â€Å"ethics† has in recent years become a featured part of the rhetoric within the business world as a whole and the tourism industry is no exception (Pearce, Moscardo and Ross 1977, p.89). Much is written in promotional material by tourism organisations about the ethics of their product and the ethical principals by which they work. In fact a plethora of ethical codes have been produced for all tourism industry stakeholders including, â€Å"codes of ethics for travellers; codes of ethics for tourists, for government, and for tourism businesses. Codes for all†¦ † (Fennell, 2006 p.241). However, partially as a result of the fact that such codes were not considered to be sufficient, and did not respond to the issues that were being raised, tourism researchers such as Jim Macbeth (2005) and others began to study how ethics should be viewed and used when dealing with the problems of sustainability within tourism. To do this meant that one had to look at ethics from the point of view of all shareholders, which, when addressing the three mentioned in Fennell’s (2006, p.4) study, meant understanding the effects that tourism policy and planning had on them. In addition there is the ethics related to the impact vacations will have upon environmental issues and how to handle these facets. In term of the application of ethics to the tourist consumer, research has to consider both aspects of these stakeholders. Not only is there the moral and ethical issue of ensuring that the tourist perceptions and expectations are honestly matched, but there is also the tourists own ethical standards and how they impact upon the success of otherwise of the sale of the destination product. The authenticity of the wildlife issue has been mentioned previously. Although, the majority of tourists considered the â€Å"captivity in natural surroundings† to be a natural wildlife experience, is it ethical for the destination to be portrayed in this manner? Similarly, is it ethical for the wildlife to be subjected to this sort of unnatural control simply to satisfy the needs of the tourist consumer? The tourist attitudes to â€Å"alternative tourism† have also changed. The tourist consumer has become more aware of the environmental issues surrounding destinations and vacations. As Pearce, Moscado and Ross (1997, p.152) explain in their study regarding the tourist relationship with the destination they are visiting, the â€Å"environmental attitudes to tourism are not held in isolation but, for some citizens, are a part of a larger environmental ethic.† An increasing number of tourists no longer expect their vacations to include all of the environmentally damaging aspects that were previously provided, neither do they expect the planners and policy makers to develop areas for vacations to the detriment of the environment; historical and cultural values. Similarly, they do expect those same persons and organisations to act towards the tourist consumer in an ethical manner. The perception is that, whilst providing the destination for vacation, this should be conducted in an ethical manner, ensuring that the correct measures are taken to ensure sustainability of the site and those communities, wildlife and natural resources that depend upon it. Brokers Brokers include all of those parties that have an interest in providing the destination and its activities to the tourist. This includes the local governments and policy makers, those who develop and maintain the sites, such as the hoteliers and attraction owners, and the sellers, being travel agents. All of these organisations need to address ethical issues that attract to the services and facilities they provide. Research has shown that many of these operators and brokers are already promoting the ethical aspect of their service, and are claiming that they have taken on board the demands of the consumer. For example there are corporations whose â€Å"Ethical tours claim to combine environmental education with minimal travel comfort, help protect local communities and environments† (Mowforth and Munt 2003, p.51). However, research and studies undertaken cast doubt on many of these claims. As Mowforth and Munt’s (2003, p.202) studies show, whilst the terms â€Å"environment,† â€Å"sustainability† and may appear in the organisation’s publicity to promote their ethical stance, it does not necessarily mean that these are factual claim. One representative, when questioned by these researchers in regards to their corporate responsibility to inform their consumers about the affect of tourism, responded that their primary task was to sell vacations. Much of the research work that Dr Macbeth (2005) has undertaken over the years, has been specifically targeted at endeavouring to create a platform which allows these organisations to address the ethical issues that face them in the provision of destinations and services, so that the claims made can be supported by genuine action. Macbeth has provided both theoretical and practical examples of how a destination can be designed in such a way that it incorporates the needs of all the stakeholders, whilst at the same time limiting the damage that can be caused by unethical methods. This includes how to involve the communities at all levels of the development of the destination and its running; ensure safety of the local environment, historical venues and places of interest; and at the same time presenting the destination in an ethically positive manner that will still address all of the tourist consumer demands and expectations and sustain tourism usage. One of the most difficult ethical issues facing tourism today is the community that live around or are involved in the destination site. This is especially true in areas such as developing countries and where there is a new destination being developed or exploited, as well as areas that have not had previous experience of such ventures within their locality. In the case of communities in and surrounding new destination developments, there are a number of ethical issues to be addressed. For example, whilst most may desire the benefit of such a development, Dr Macbeth believes that the developer has an ethical duty to ensure that the community is fully aware of the impact that the developed destination will have on their lives, environment and, potentially, their culture. It is accepted that this is not an easy task to achieve, particularly as with no previous experience by which to make a comparison, these communities may not fully comprehend the impact even when it is explained to them. Nevertheless, as the case studies and actual projects carried out by Dr Macbeth and his students have demonstrated, it is possible for such an understanding to be achieved (Jim Macbeth 1997). Community reactions are very important to the successful development of any destination site. Therefore their involvement with and acceptance of the project is important to achieve. As Pearce, Moscardo and Ross (1997, p.6) confirm, â€Å"the issue of how communities shape and respond to social and environmental changes is a driving factor in assessing community response to tourism.† Environment Finally, there is the issue of ethics in respect of the environment. In the current climate of potential threat to wildlife, dwindling natural resources, locations and the larger environmental issues, destination managers have an ethical duty to play their part in its sustainability. They also have a duty to ensure that their development does as little environmental damage as possible and contribute to the protection of the environment, rather than add destructive forces that will increase the dangers and damage. This includes such matters as energy conservation, emission control, and protection of wildlife, heritage and local communities. For example, with wildlife it is important that the planners are aware of any endangered species located within the destination target area, and ensure that the neither the development, nor the resultant tourist consumer activity can in any way add to the endangerment of that species. Ethical research It is important that, prior to the commencement of any development, research is undertaken to ensure that all of the ethical issues are addressed. The organisation needs to understand the impact that construction projects might have on the local environment, and its impact on issues such as wildlife protection and climate emissions. The research must also evaluate the effect of the development on the local population, its culture and heritage. One important proviso of the research that is undertaken is the independence of the researchers who undertake the study. Whilst, as is increasingly the case with studies and research projects that take place within universities, the planners and policy makers may contribute funding for the project, it is essential, and ethically correct to ensure that these people and organisations are able to carry out their tasks without any influence or pressure applied by those organisations. The purpose of such research is to reach a conclusion that provides for an ethical stance that all of the stakeholders can agree is desirable and, in addition, provide recommendations as to how the project and the ethical stance can be achieved and protected. In essence it should form the basis for â€Å"the purpose of identifying a template from which to aid in the development of tourism ethics.† (Fennell, p.197) Conclusion From the various researches that have been studied in the preparation of this paper, it is the author’s opinion that the hypothesis statement made by Dr Jim Macbeth is supported. There is a need for the educators and other stakeholders in the tourism industry to review the issues and construct an â€Å"ethical stance† that provides for a sustainable platform. It is equally importance that the strategy evolved from such a stance is seen to be effective and transparent to all concerned, with a determined effort to address and maintain all of the issues that constructing and maintaining a vacation destination involves. It is equally important to ensure that any studies and researches undertaken in an effort to achieve such a position are arrived at as a result of full discussion with, and involvement by all of the stakeholders involved with the product. Fennell (2006, p.346) observes, â€Å"In allowing ethics into tourism, we open the door to philosophy and the humanities.† Whilst it is accepted that this is the case, in the view of the author, there is no possibility of omitting this factor from the tourism research process. Ethics is an integral part of the tourist consumer’s human decision process. It is the stance that is taken on those ethics and the way it is approached that is important. References Butcher, Jim (2003). The Moralisation of Tourism: Sun, Sand†¦ and Saving the World? Routledge. London UK. Cohen, S. and Taylor, L (1992). Escape Attempts. The Theory and Practice of Resistance to Everyday Life. Routledge. New York. US. Fennell, David A (2006). Ethical Tourism. Channel View Publications. Clevedon, UK. Jacobsen Damien, Carson Dean, Macbeth Jim and Rose Simon (2005) Prosper Pilot Case Study. Sustainable Tourism Cooperative Research Centre. Queensland, Australia. Jafari, Jafar (1990). Research and Scholarship: The Basis of Tourism Education. The Journal of Tourism Studies, Vol.1, No.1. Queensland, Australia. MacBeth, Jim (2005). Towards an Ethics Platform for Tourism. Elsevier Ltd. Annals of Tourism Research, Vol 32. No. 4, pp 962-984. Oxford, UK. Macbeth, Jim (1997). Tourism, Policy and Planning in Australia and New Zealand: Issues and Cases. Irwin Publishers. Sydney, Australia. Section 3, Chapter 13. Mowforth, Martin and Munt, Ian (2003) Tourism and Sustainability. Routledge. London, UK. Pearce, Philip L., Moscardo, Gianna and Ross, Glenn F. (1997) Tourism Community Relationships. Elsevier Ltd. Oxford, UK. Cohen, S. and Taylor, L (1992). Escape Attempts. The Theory and Practice of Resistance to Everday Life. Routledge. New York, US. Newsome, D, M. Hughes and J. Macbeth (2005) Captive Wildlife Tourism in a Natural Setting: Visitor Satisfaction as a Measure of Success at Barna Mia, Western Australia. Journal of Ecotourism. Vol. 4, No. 2, pp73-91. Australia.

Definition Of Modernism In Fiction Essay -- essays research papers

Definition of Modernism in Fiction Modernism, in literature, can be seen as a shift in focus to the unassociated introspective reflection of characters in such texts as Go Tell It On The Mountain, by James Baldwin, Miss Lonelyhearts, by Nathanael West and The Catcher in the Rye, by J.D. Salinger. This is a revision from the previous focal point of exterior events and places in correlation with the character’s reflections. Emphasis is placed on review upon feelings and thoughts, and even conversations with oneself, as opposed to the more directly event-driven reflections in texts of the pre-modernist era. This is not to say that texts of the modernist era have no events, or that their characters sit at home all day long thinking. Many activities take place in these texts, but the characters tend to spend time reflecting upon basically uncorrelated ideas, and to ponder what they mean for him. For example, in Go Tell it On the Mountain, when his aunt, Florence, comes to church for the first time, John knows, "it was the hand of the Lord that had led her to this place, and his heart grew cold. The Lord was riding on the wind tonight. What might that wind have spoken before the morning came?"(61). John's pondering of the Lord "riding on the wind" seems somewhat unrelated to his aunt coming to church. His premonition that something would happen tonight has nothing to do with the current events. It can be seen, in the broader definition of modernism provi...

My Son Changed My Life Essay

Before my son had arrived, I was in complete shambles. My life was spiraling down a one way tube into darkness. I had become everything that I had only wished I wouldnt. I was known as nothing better then â€Å"white trash†. I thought that I had it all. I was only 17 and I was free. I left home to be with my ex- boyfriend, and I was free! No rules, No boundaries, just freedom. I thought life couldnt get any better. Although, as time went on I realized how much I missed my family, and how things were starting to turn sour in my relationship. We had no money. For weeks, we had nothing. We were living off of our friends who were gracious enough to take us in. I started doing drugs, and drinking every chance I got. I stole items to pawn them for money. Most of the money went twords food, drugs, or alcohol. I was lucky I was underage when I pawned stuff becasue word had gotten around to the cops that it was stolen, and every person who did it was thrown in jail. Thankfully, I was only put on probation for 6 months. Things started to look up for a little when my ex and I moved back in with his parents. It was a hell hole, but it was a place to stay without living off other people. We started to hang out with friends every night, driving around the town, drinking, starting fights, just waiting to get in trouble. We didnt realize it at first, but the person we were driving around with was what most would call â€Å"bi-polar†. It only took one night to realize it, and that would be the end of that. We were driving around with this friend when she had gotten so mad at this person, that she circled the block, and tried to hit him with her car. Thankfully we were on the same block as my ex’s parents, so we called it a night. I was worried that I pregnant in the begining of December, but I didnt take a pregnancy test until 4 days before christmas. I can remember it just like it was yesterday too, I was sitting in a local resturaunt with my friend and I had went into the bathroom to take the test. I remember screaming for my friend to come in, and she couldnt beleive it. I took a second test to be 100% sure, and in deed I was pregnant. We didnt tell family until Christmas Day. Most of my family was happy for me, but some of them were a little doubtful that I would stop the nonsense I had gotten myself into. And indeed I did. I moved back home with my parents, and I started my life all over again. I was a brand new person, and in less then 8 months, my life was going to change even more. On August 9, 2006 my son was born. He was the most beautiful baby boy I had even layed eyes on. He was so special, and he had to be sent from heaven. I had moved in with his father in March and we were doing really well. My son had only brought us closer together, and he was our pride and joy. He still is til this day. My son changed my life in many ways. Before he was even here he had changed my life. I realized that I had to grow up and be a better person. I wasnt just going to be taking care of myself, but a baby too. I had be responsible. I had to be the best mother I could possibly be. After he arrived, I realized that I wouldnt have to sit around and think about alcohol or drugs, and wish to do them. My son kept me occupied enough for me to understand that there was more to life then drugs and alcohol, that there was more to it then having freedom. It wasnt about me anymore, It was about my family, and I would do anything for them. My son was my lifesaver. I tell him everyday that he is an angel. I just hope that when he’s old enough, he’ll understand exactly why he is my angel. He turned my life upside down, which in reality, had turned me back to the person I was supposed to be.

Goal Setting With Elementary Students

Goal Setting With Elementary Students With the start of the new school year upon us, it is the perfect time to have your students begin school by learning how to set positive goals. Setting goals is an important life skill that all elementary students need to know. While the students may still be a bit too young to think about what college they want to go to, or the career they may want to have, its never too late to teach them the importance of setting, and achieving a goal. Here are a few tips to help your elementary students learn to set goals. Define What a "Goal" Means Elementary students may think the word goal means when you are referring to a sporting event. So, the first thing that you want to do is have students brainstorm what they think setting a goal means. You can use the reference of a sporting event to help you. For example, you can tell the students that when an athlete makes a goal, the goal is the result of their hard work. You can also have students look up the meaning in the dictionary. Webster’s Dictionary defines the word goal as â€Å"something that you are trying to do or achieve.† Teach the Importance of Goal Setting Once you have taught your elementary students the meaning of the word, now its time to teach the importance of setting goals. Discuss with your students that setting goals helps you become more confident in yourself, helps you make better decisions in your life, and gives you motivation. Ask students to think about a time that they had to sacrifice something that they really loved, for an even better outcome. You can give them an example if they are unsure. For instance, you can say: I really like to get a coffee and a donut before work every day but it can get really expensive. I want to surprise my children and take them on a family vacation, so I need to give up my morning routine in order to save money to do that. This example is showing your students that you have given up something that you really liked, for an even better outcome. It explains how powerful setting goals and achieving them can really be. By giving up your morning routine of coffee and donuts, you were able to save enough money to take your family on a vacation. Teach Students How to Set Realistic Goals Now that students understand the meaning of a goal, as well as the importance of setting goals, now its time to actually set a few realistic goals. Together as a class, brainstorm a few goals that you think are realistic. For example, students may say My goal is to get a better grade on my math test this month. Or I will strive to complete all of my homework assignments by Friday. By helping your students set small, achievable goals that can be achieved quickly, you will help them understand the process of setting and achieving a goal. Then, once they grasp this concept you can have them set even bigger goals. Have students focus on which goals are most important (make sure they are measurable, achievable, as well as specific). Develop a Method to Achieve the Goal Once students have chosen the specific goal that they want to achieve, the next step is to show them how they are going to achieve it. You can do this by showing students the following step-by-step procedure. For this example, the students goal is to pass their spelling test. Step 1: Do all spelling homework Step 2: Practice spelling words each day after school Step 3: Practice spelling worksheets each day Step 4: Play spelling games or go on the Spellingcity.com app Step 5: Get an A on my spelling test Make sure that students have a visual reminder of their goal. It is also wise that you have a daily or weekly meeting with each student to see how their goals are developing. Once they achieve their goal, its time to celebrate! Make a big deal out of it, this way it will want them to make even bigger goals in the future.

Minimum Wage essays

Minimum Wage essays A public outcry over wages and working conditions led to the first minimum wage policy in the United States. A national minimum wage was created in 1938 when President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA). The basic goal of minimum wage was to guarantee workers a fair wage. In recent months, there has been much controversy and debate over raising the minimum wage. Most people have a tendency to assume that when the minimum wage is increased, people will benefit. They do not stop to think of the consequences. The following paper presents an overview of various problems. Many people do not stop to consider the costs of minimum wage increases. For example, where does the increase in wages come from? It certainly doesnt come from taxes or government funding. It comes from employers, whether they are large or small. In a conversation regarding minimum wage increases with a neighborhood bakery owner, she the following: I took the hit completely the first time; the last time, I raised my prices. The owner Angela Constantino employs eight people at minimum wage. Thats how things work. If your costs go up, youre going to have to pass some of that along to the customer. I dont pass all of it along. Basically I try to offset some of my costs" Angela said. Employers somehow must come up with the money to pay the wage increase. They must raise prices, therefore, charging all consumers more, and they may even have to let go of some of their employees in order to have the ability to pay the rate hike. The primary reason most people are willing to increase the minimum wage is to assist poor people. There are many studies that indicate that the positive benefits are just as numerous as the negative ones. According to James Kaz, the majority of those who are paid minimum wage are not poor, but rather an additional income on top of the sole p...

No topic based on scenario and questions to be incorporated Essay

No topic based on scenario and questions to be incorporated - Essay Example Indeed, I will extend my warm welcome to my partner in the Community Based Organisation (CBO) who will be bringing a potential funder to the Saturday Academy the following day. There is every need to meet this funder as a way of showing appreciation to this rare opportunity since he will need to catch the 11.30 am flight. Compared to attending the daughter’s basketball tournament, this opportunity to meet the potential funder will go a long way towards development of my career as both administrator and leader. Indeed, there is every need to be devoted to work and show commitment especially during the period of crisis where the institution you are running is facing critical challenges such as budget cuts instead of choosing to pursue personal luxury activities which will leave you exposed once you miss the perfect opportunity of getting the much needed assistance. I will also take the opportunity to engage the parents who represent the graduation committee since these are very important stakeholders in the running of the school and cannot in any way object to their proposal but would happily give them a nod to engage the photographer. The occasion of graduation is historic such that it has to be recorded in true fashion. It can be suicidal to delegate my second assistant principal to attend to such important scheduled meetings as this would reflect a negative attitude of my leadership qualities. Such important business which affects the overall running of the institution requires the head to be present as this would show commitment to the school as well as reflect positive leadership traits. In this particular case, the issue of great concern to me is the need to get funding for the institution since this would make it relatively easier to run it. Almost all activities at school require some funding to ensure its smooth running. The first three things I need to do as the principal include the following: instil discipline among students and members of staff,

Critically discuss the statement Entrepreneurs who wish to expand Essay

Critically discuss the statement Entrepreneurs who wish to expand their business should first expand their networks - Essay Example At the appropriate times the company sends customized message to the customers with suggestion for flowers and presents. The company gains a world-wide reputation. Therefore, good management information systems fast the business operation and use resource more effective. Basket Company also involves similar business actives we discussed above, by equipping the management information system, will greatly support business operation. Now the competition f basket market is very furious, it is not enough to improve only the product, we should impress the customers as a person who cares them more than their selves. To achieve the goal, we have to identify the trend f customer needs. Like large office goods supplier---Staples. The company system maintains lists f previously ordered items. Over time, Staples learned a great deal about its customers' preferences and use that information to offer new items. We value our employees as they play an important role in company success, but only with the helps f those tools, our employees and managers can easily make the decision on buy from supplier and predicate the profits. Thus, the good management information system plays a more important role in the competition. One f the outcomes f information system is the strategies for competitive advantages. ... t to play in a competitive strategy, cutting the labor and administration cost during business operation, the business can sell goods or provide services at a price that is lower than the competitors. Surveys and feedback sessions will be conducted from detailed transaction records and various data to access the ongoing project. Expanding business network is in fact an expansion f an organization. Franchising is a generic term that describes a way f doing business. In essence a model f business structure that relies on a relationship in which an owner (franchisor) f a business has licensed others (franchisees) to use a business system and trade name to market and sell products/services. Thus it is a marketing concept f delivering products and services that can be applied across a diverse range f businesses. The International Franchising Association has developed 75 different categories describing the businesses f its members. Who is involved Franchising involves two parties: Franchisor - The franchisor is the initial owner f a business system which has been developed and proven to be a successful method f operating a particular business. As owner, the franchisor has the legal capacity to provide licenses to others (franchisees). Typically the owner seeks to expand the business through a relationship with others who have similar objectives. Franchisee - The franchisee is the party that has entered into an agreement with the franchisor to use the trade mark / business name and business system in a defined outlet or territory. How does it work Essentially the franchisee has agreed to be part f the franchisor's operation. In return for fees, the franchisee secures these rights for a set period f time and can expect from the franchisor: Training in business practices -

Hamlet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Hamlet - Essay Example The crowd is shocked over the hasty marriage of Gertrude and it is quite watchful over the state of affairs as pointed out by the new King in the coronation speech. The crowd has shown their cognitive maturity and statesmanship over the endangering designs of young prince of Norway, Fortinbras to recover the land lost by his father in a previous conflict with the King Hamlet. The coronation ceremony is mostly dominated by the intellect of Claudius speech on the occasion wherein he legitimized his actions and even the marriage with Gertrude in the best public interest and for the more stable Denmark in the times to come. Claudius has not only shown hope for the protection of their rights but also ensured them of his best efforts to achieve the ultimate objectives of prosperity and sovereignty. Works Cited Web Publications Shakespeare, William. â€Å"The Tragedy of Hamlet Prince of Denmark.† Act-I, Scene-II 1564- 1606, opensourceshakespeare.org: Web. 04 June, 2011. .

European Union Essay Example for Free

European Union Essay The European Union of today is the result of a process that began half a century ago with the creation of the European Coal and Steel Community. After the two world wars the overall situation of Europe was so pathetic especially in economic terms and peace and prosperity was far away. In order to bring peace and to lead Europe to the path of progress it was necessary to unite it under one roof. For this purpose the European leaders started thinking about it in late 1940’s and finally Robert Schuman the French Foreign Minister proposed the union of Europe which ended up in the merging of coal and steel industries and the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) was set up . â€Å"The ECSC was so successful that within a few years the decision was made to put together other parts of the countries economies. In 1957, the Treaties of Rome created the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM), and the six member states undertook to eliminate trade barriers among themselves by forming a common market. In 1967, the institutions of all three communities were formally merged into the European Community (EC), creating a single Commission, a single Council of Ministers, and the European Parliament. Members of the European Parliament were initially selected by national parliaments, but in 1979 the first direct elections were undertaken and they have been held every five years since. In 1973, the first enlargement of the EC took place with the addition of Denmark, Ireland, and the United Kingdom. The 1980s saw further membership expansion with Greece joining in 1981 and Spain and Portugal in 1986. The 1992 Treaty of Maastricht laid the basis for further forms of cooperation in foreign and defense policy, in judicial and internal affairs, and in the creation of an economic and monetary union including a common currency. This further integration created the European Union (EU). The evolution of the European Union (EU) from a regional economic agreement among six neighboring states in 1951 to todays supranational organization of 27 countries across the European continent stands as an unmatched occurrence in the records of history. Although the EU is not a federation in the strict sense, it is far more than a free-trade association such as ASEAN, NAFTA, or Mercosur, and it has many of the attributes associated with independent nations: its own flag, anthem, founding date, and currency, as well as an incipient common foreign and security policy in its dealings with other nations.  In the future, many of these nation-like characteristics are likely to be expanded†. (European Union Facts and Map – Yahoo! Education) Motive Lets unite. And the world will listen to us Pro-European ad campaign, September 1992 Government: European Union Union Name and Member States â€Å"Conventional long form: European Union abbreviation: EU . Political structure: a mixture of supranational organizations . Capital: name: Brussels (Belgium), Strasbourg (France), Luxembourg. 27 countries: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, UK; note Canary Islands (Spain), Azores and Madeira (Portugal), French Guyana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, and Reunion (France) are sometimes listed separately even though they are legally a part of Spain, Portugal, and France; candidate countries: Croatia, Macedonia, Turkey†. CIA The World Factbook European Union) Independence 7 February 1992 (Maastricht Treaty signed establishing the EU); 1 November 1993 (Maastricht Treaty entered into force). National holiday Europe Day 9 May (1950); note a Union-wide holiday, the day that Robert SCHUMAN proposed the creation of the European Coal and Steel Community to achieve an organized Europe Impact of EU on International Trade The worlds largest trader and a strong block in the international political economy, is not an easy bargainer to deal with. The fact that the EU speaks with an influence in trade has enabled it to affect the distributional outcomes of international trade negotiations and shape the global political economy. Trade being the only forum in which the EU speaks to the United States with an equal voice, The EU is currently the worlds largest trader and one of the main players. Trade Relations between EU and US The steady increase in the breadth and depth of transatlantic foreign policy cooperation has been one of the most striking developments in recent years. Enhanced EU–US communication has been essential in developing a closer understanding of our respective policy positions and the better coordination of our activities. The EU and the USA are each other’s main trading partners (taking goods and services together) and account for the largest bilateral trade relationship in the world: together, they account for almost 40 % of world trade. Every day, about EUR 1. 7 billion of transatlantic trade (in goods and services) takes place. The transatlantic relationship defines the shape of the global economy as a whole as either the EU or the USA is also the largest trade and investment partner for almost all other countries. Contribution towards Human Rights and Democracy â€Å"I want to emphasize our shared commitment to promoting democracy, freedom all over the world. The very enlargement of European Union has been one of the greatest achievements in terms of promotion of democracy from Southern Europe, West Europe, to Eastern Europe, North Europe, from the Iberian Peninsula to the Baltic countries, now most recently; European Union is a great success story in terms of promoting democracy. And we want to do it also globally, and we are doing it globally. And thats one of the fields where I see that the United States and European Union can do, and should do, even more together. † President Barroso, EU-US Summit Press conference, 21 June 2006, Vienna. Most Important Economic Relation in the World This is the most important economic relation in the world, the relation between the United States of America and the European Union. And we believe we can achieve more if we look at it in a comprehensive manner. And I hope that now there will be some concrete work so that in our regular institutional summit between the European Union and the United States we can achieve some more complete results†. President Barroso, Visit to the White House 8 January 2007, Washington DC Quick Facts The EU and the USA jointly represent 10 % of the world’s population and account for roughly 40 % of world trade and over 60 % of world GDP. Worlds’ Strongest Relationship â€Å"The relationship between the United States and Europe constitutes the world’s strongest, most comprehensive and strategically most important partnership. † European Commission President Barroso Brussels, 9 February 2005. Trade Conflict between EU-US: Since its beginning in 1995, more than 330 disputes have been raised under the WTO Dispute Settlement System. The major disputes between the EU and the USA (mini trade wars) are analyzed with GTAP5: the Hormones, the Bananas, the FSC and the Steel cases. 1. The use of biotechnology in food production has emerged as the central issue in a trade conflict that has been between the U. S. and the European Union for years 2. The use of hormones in beef cattle is another issue . They promotes growth and produces a leaner shell that is more appealing to health-conscious consumers. However, the European Union refuses to import such meat, suggesting that there are insufficient studies to prove its safety for human consumption. Some think that economic motives, not genuine concern for the health of consumers, lie behind this decision. In addition to above mention major conflicts in trade between EU and US is the EU’s conversion of their currency of each member countries to a single form of money that is the EURO (Except UK and Denmark). Since these two countries have very strong trade relations and the exchange of money in the money market shows a higher value of EURO against Dollar this is something which is disliked by some of the corporations in the US. While doing transactions by importing goods from Europe, US have to pay more in terms of Dollars to the EU. Conclusion Still there are some problems which Americans and Europeans agree in seeing as critical. While there are obvious drawbacks in having a bad relationship to the US . Along with major disputes taken place between US and EU as a result I draw conclusion that some US corporations are pleased with its work while others are upset, this is in my point of view due to two reasons first the EU being independent, united and a big challenge for US which is a super power and second is of the currency value of EU which is higher in the money market than the dollar which displeases some corporations while doing transactions. Today, security and justice and prosperity for our world depend on America and Europe working in common purpose. That makes our transatlantic ties as vital as they have ever been. † US President Bush, 19 February 2005.

Nils Christie: Theory on Causes of Crime

Nils Christie: Theory on Causes of Crime It is postulated that the phenomenon crime does not exist, although we can study its negative consequences of it upon society through acts. Many definitions of crime have been developed, the most simplistic definition of a criminal act being; acts that break legislation outlined in law however this differs from that of a normative perspective; crimes are acts which can offend against a set of norms similar to a moral code. When trying to understand the notion of crime it is paramount to understand what acts are and why certain acts are criminalised but not all. A Utilitarian standpoint would be that laws should be focussed towards achieving the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people, a principle known as the greatest happiness principle a theory developed by Philippa Foot (1978). Law under capitalism would be geared to protect property rights and affirm the social order. With this philosophical theory in mind, one can contend that acts are crimes for the reason they hav e negative effects on society. I will use a collection of examples to give explanations to comments from Norwegian criminologist Nils Christie focussing on its implications for explaining crime. In addition to this I will briefly outline what criminology is and its connection with the concept of crime. Crime as a concept is relatively recent. Crime was not known by its name in the 16th and 17th centuries, the word was current but it lacked precise meaning, (Elton 1977:5). However from having no sense of crime, we now have a global sense of the subject. Since the emergence of crime as a concept it has always been a highly contested term which has been debated within studies ever since, with criminologists, sociologists and philosophers all creating new theories for it. As mentioned crime does not exist, law constructs crime for us. In a sense we actually create crime; by producing law we then in turn make crime, without legislation there would be no sense of criminality. A world with no criminal system would mean no courts, prisons or criminals. It important to remember that criminal law is not the only form of law as there is also civil law. Criminal law can be is punitive where as civil law is based on restitution. If crime does not exist some might question what criminology is. My personal favourite and one of the most detailed explanation is that of D. Garland; I take criminology to be a specific genre of discourse and inquiry about crime a genre that has developed in the modern period and that can be distinguished from other ways of talking and thinking about criminal conduct. Thus, for example, criminologys claim to be an empirically grounded, scientific undertaking sets it apart from moral and legal discourses, while its focus upon crime differentiates it from other social scientific genres, such as the sociology of deviance and control, whose objects of study are broader and not defined by the criminal law. Since the middle years of the twentieth century, criminology has also been increasingly marked off from other discourses by the trappings of a distinctive identity, with its own journals, professional associations, professorships, and institutes, (Of Crime and Criminals 2002, p8). Thi s quote affirms what I mentioned earlier regarding the emergence of crime as a concept over the last couple of centuries or so, especially how we have developed new ways to deal with behaviour deemed criminal. He also highlighted the studies unique outlook and strong holds on the studies development of theories concerning criminal deviance. I will now concentrate on the main theme of my essay; using examples to explain the comments of criminologist Nils Christie assessing their implications for explaining crime. The University of Oslo criminologist disliked the term crime, I dont like the term crime-its such a big, fat, imprecise word, there are only unwanted acts. How we perceive them depends on our relationship with those who carry them out. Here Christie is very critical of the term describing it is as in accurate and stating that there is no such object it is merely acts. Nils Christie also believes; how we observe these acts depends on our association with those who have carried the out the act. Furthermore Christie supports D. Garlands view; crime is not a tangible idea, thus it does not exist. Only acts exist, acts often given different meanings within various social frameworks. Acts and the meanings given to them are our data. Our challenge is to follow the destiny of acts through the universe of meanings. Particularly, what are the social conditions that encourage or prevent giving the acts the meaning of being crime? (Christie, 2004: 3). Here he has taken his previous idea I stated earlier; acts do not exist, then added another aspect to it by suggesting the meanings given to them can aid us as social scientists in our research into the phenomenon. He is hinting that the social frameworks within society lead people to commit crime, the reasons for committing a crime can be economical, personal or politically motivated. Christie was mainly concerned with crime control and prison populations. He believed there was an unlimited supply of crime; that crime as a concept would never become extinct in a sense as there would always be motives for individuals to be deviant such as political or financial rewards, this new situation, with an unlimited reservoir of acts which can be defined as crimes, also creates unlimited possibilities for warfare as against all sorts of unwanted acts, (Crime control as industry: towards gulags, western style, Nils Christie). This statement by Christie can be affirmed by examining unwanted acts; those made by the Provisions Irish Republican Army. There are a multitude of factors which create conditions for and exasperate what has come to be interpreted as crime. These are through a number of social frameworks such as class and nationality. These are all social constructs and are integral parts of capitalism and prevailing capitalist ideology. The Norwegians analysis can be applied to many situations; a political example of this is conflict between the Provision Irish Republican Army (IRA) and the British Government. The issue first started in the 1920s during the Irish war of independence, when the Republican Army launched guerrilla warfare over British rule in Ireland. There was little conflict between the two sides until 30 January 1972 now known as bloody Sunday. On the day mentioned British soldiers shot twenty-seven civil rights protestors, killing thirteen while patrolling, as a Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association march took place. This created uproar as the civilians whom were shot were Catholics, restarting the tension between Northern Ireland and British Government. Although the Provisional Irish Republican Armys movement against the partition of Ireland in fact started two years previous to the tragic day the intensity and media coverage of the deaths led to member levels of the group rapidly escalating. T o refer back to Christies ideology this example can be described as under the umbrella of nationality and religious social frame works. British Government viewed the IRA as terrorists after several planned attacks within Britain including a Bank robbery on a bank in Belfast in 2004 where they escaped with  £26.5 million. The Provisional Irish Republicans felt they were protecting their nation from British involvement in addition to gaining revenge for oppression they faced during British occupancy of Ireland. This was a crime born of social circumstances, as crime does not exist; only acts they thought of their acts as justifiable. If this is the case then were their acts unlawful? Here is a great example of how implications on explaining crime due to different ideology and theories can create a dilemma. Despite the oppression and hardships the Provisional Irish Republican Army felt they received due to the British Government, I feel it is morally wrong to take the life of another individual so their attacks on Birmingham and various other places in Britain was legally unjust. Christie argues throughout his work that crime is a fluid and shallow notion stating that acts may perhaps be constructed as criminal and unlimited thus making crime an endless concept. This links back to the argument that the concept of crime is socially constructed, we create crime. Crime could not continue to exist without legislation; we tell the legal system what is right and what is wrong, legal, illegal, just and unjust. To further this idea, in a sense we as a society increase and decrease crime rates, by making an act unlawful we are ever-increasing the chances of someone then committing a crime. Capitalism has been another major motivator for people committing crimes or as described by Christie unwanted acts, (A Suitable amount of Crime, P7). Firstly capitalism promotes a false material world in which people feel they must have the finest mobile phones, televisions, cars and housing. This is hypocritical as in actual fact it develops a more unequal society in terms of distribution of power, wealth and resources with a lower chance of social mobility. As a result of this some individuals caught up in the longing for material goods; due to the scarcity they feel they may begin stealing as a means to allow them to afford objects they desire. However Nils Christie believed for all acts including those seen as unwanted, there are dozens of possible alternatives to their understanding; bad, mad, evil, misplaced honour, youth bravado, political heroism or crime, (A Suitable Amount of Crime, P7). Christie demonstrates that an act deemed illegal may be committed due to a variety of r easons. The example where someone feels they have no alternative than to thieve can come under the social frame work of inequality; economically disadvantaged. It would be wrong to say this comment from the criminologist has had a vaster enough affect on how crime is explained however perhaps if a few more social scientists were to entertain this idea there might be a small shift in the way we define the concept. If this were to happen we may see a change in how the legal system deals with acts similar to that capitalism discussed above. The economic system produces inequality which leads to crime. This could have a knock on affect with capitalism; in a capitalist society most laws exist to protect the status quo therefore crimes which do not go against capitalism are normally a by product of it e.g. power crime from the hierarchy which it creates. Labelling theory can be brought into the argument of there not being a concept of crime, only acts. The theory states deviance is not a quality of the act because but; the result of traits associated with committing deviance. References: Philippa Foot, The Problem of Abortion and the Doctrine of the Double Effect in Virtues and Vices (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1978) (Elton 1977:5). Look up, references on mole.. Crime control as industry: towards gulags, western style, Nils Christie page 23. Page 3. A Suitable Amount of Crime

College Has Exceeded My Expectations :: Personal Narratives Flagstaff College Essays

College Has Exceeded My Expectations A new place to live, new friends, a new diverse campus, new classes, and even a newfound freedom: that was what I found waiting from me the first day I moved up to Northern Arizona University. These were the things I was in search for when I was looking through all of the different colleges that I could possibly go to. NAU had them all but most importantly, NAU had a wonderful communications program, which just made everything a little better. Having lived in the same cozy house in Tucson for all my life, I wanted a change of scenery and from the hot climate. So as I started my search for the perfect college I would look to see if I could live on campus, or anywhere out of Tucson. Coming up here to NAU I am given a chance to live in a new place, McConnell Hall, and have pride in the place that I live. It is wonderful being able to say that I live here and it is my own room. I know it is not a house or an apartment, but it is still fantastic for a first move. I would not choose to live anywhere else at this moment in my life than to live on campus. You get to meet so many different people and there’s usually something going on, most of the time it just random things though. What is great about living on campus is how random people just show up in your room. Knocking is not something that is known to people who live in my hall. It is not uncommon for people to just walk in to talk, or if they do knock, they knock once while they are walking in. It is great way to meet people, mostly friends. People come into your room to steal ideas of how they should put things in their room, to borrow things such as a screwdriver or just a can opener, or to even just hang out. What was cool was that I meet a friend of mine in the bathroom when she got her hand stuck in a vase she was washing. In the dorms you meet people in irregular ways, but it makes for great conversations later on.

Review of Related Literature and Related Studies about Mobile Phone

Foreign According to [ (Miller, 2013) ], a mobile phone is a wireless electronic device used for telephone and multimedia communications. Which means people can bring it and can communicate anywhere at anytime. [ (Singh, 2011) ] said that communication is the process to express his thoughts, ideas, and messages, from one person to other person for the sake of personal interest or business interest. Communication is more effective if you receive the response from other person. You can express his thoughts to another person by verbal communication, non-verbal communication or by mass communication. (McGuigan, 2013) ] Stated that Text messaging is a term for short communications made through cell phones. It uses what is called the Short Message Service, and so is often called SMS for short. It is also sometimes referred to as txting, using the shorthand common in such messages as a way of dealing with short character limits and often bulky interfaces. [ (Ziggs, 2011) ] proposed that age s 13 to 17 ends the highest number of text messaging, sending and receiving an average of 1,742 text messages per month. (Jenna Langer, 2009) ] said that men prefer to use communication to gain social status and use their social networks in a task-oriented manner (2).Face-to-face communication differences between genders and has been shown to cross over into e-mail and computer-mediated communication makes women communicate more thoroughly because of the lack of nonverbal cues. [ (Amanda Lenhart, 2010) ]One major influence has to do with the economics of the cell phone – who pays for the costs associated with the cell phone and its use and what are the limitations on the service plan for the phone?Does the user have unlimited minutes to talk or the ability to share minutes? Does he or she have an unlimited or pay-as-you-go text messaging plan? And regardless of who pays, what type of plan does the teen have? A shared family plan, an individual plan with a contract, or a contr act-less pre-paid phone? Each of these variations can influence how teens and adults use their mobile phones. [ (Amanda Lenhart, 2010) ] About one in five teen cell phone users (18%) are part of a prepaid or pay-as-you-go plan, and just one in ten (10%) have their own individual contract.The type of cell phone plan a teen has is significantly related to household income. Teens from lower income households are more likely to use prepaid plans or to have their own contract, while teen cell phone users in households with incomes of $50,000 or greater are most likely to be part of a family plan. Local [ (Celdran, 2002) ] declared that The characteristics of connectivity, speed, cost effectiveness, mobility and confidentiality of text messaging and its adaptability to Filipino culture has made SMS the most popular form of private communication technology in the country.BibliographyTeens and Mobile Phones. Retrieved March 10, 2013, from Pew Internet: http://pewinternet. org/Reports/2010/T eens-and-Mobile-Phones/Chapter-1/The-economics-of-cell-phones–Plan-Types. aspx Celdran, D. (2002).The Philippines: SMS and Citizenship. Retrieved March 10, 2013, from http://www. dhf. uu. se/pdffiler/02_01/02_1_part9. pdf: http://www. dhf. uu. se/pdffiler/02_01/02_1_part9. pdf Jenna Langer, V. J. (2009).Gender Differences in Text Message Content. Retrieved March 10, 2013, from http://www. jennalanger. com: http://www. jennalanger. com/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/LangerJenna-Gender_dif_SMS_Content. df McGuigan, B. (2013, March 08).What is Text Messaging? Retrieved March 10, 2013, from wiseGEEK: http://www. wisegeek. com/what-is-text-messaging. htmMiller, B. (2013, March 05). What Is a Mobile Phone? Retrieved March 8, 2013, from wiseGEEK: http://www. wisegeek. com/what-is-a-mobile-phone. htmSingh, H. (2011, July 05). Communication plays an important role in our daily life. Retrieved March 10, 2013, from India Study Channel: http://www. indiastudychannel. com/resources/142618-Com munication-plays-an-important-role-our. aspx Ziggs, D. (2011, February 09). Average Monthly Calls Vrs